metallurgy engineering

Introduction to metals

Metals possess many unique fundamental properties that make them an ideal material for use in a diverse range of applications.
Properties such as high tensile strength, high fracture toughness, malleability and availability are just some of the many advantages associated with metals.

Metals are generally malleable , they can be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking and
fusible (able to be fused or melted) and ductile .

Metals in general have high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, and high density .

Metals are generally not used in their pure state but as mixtures of metals or metal and non metal constituents commonly referred to as alloys.

Mechanical properties of metals include ductility, i.e. their capacity for plastic deformation. Reversible elastic deformation in metals can be described by Hooke s Law for restoring forces, where the stress is linearly proportional to the strain. Forces larger than the elastic limit, or heat, may cause a permanent (irreversible) deformation of the object, known as plastic deformation or plasticity.

Most metals are present in the Earth as compounds of some sort,
such as oxides or sulphides.

The first metals were discovered accidentally more than 5,000 years ago.

Definition of metal

is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity.

Engineering Metallurgy

Metallurgy is a domain ( field ) of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys.

Metallurgy is also the technology of metals: the way in which science is applied to the production of metals, and the engineering of metal components for usage in products for consumers and manufacturers.

The production of metals involves the processing of ores to extract the metal they contain, and the mixture of metals, sometimes with other elements, to produce alloys.
Metallurgy can be separated (classified ) into three basic components: chemical, mechanical, and physical.

• Chemical metallurgy deals primarily with the making of metals and alloys from their naturally occurring ores.